The AI Museum
AI Analytics1,092 recordsRecounted 5 November 2026

Closed-weight models in 2025

Weightsopenclosedunknownfrontier only
Year20262025202420232022202120202019201820172016
2 filters active, showing 63 of 1,092 recordsClear all

63

Models

16 organisations

0%

Open weights

0 open, 63 closed

6

Frontier

By Epoch's flag

560B

Largest traceable

Hunyuan-TurboS

2025

Span

6 with a traceable size

Releases

by month
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Organisation

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Domain

Records

newest 50 of 63
Closed-weight models in 2025, newest first. Each row links to the source Epoch AI records for it.
ModelOrganisationReleasedParametersWeights
GPT Image 1.5OpenAI2025-12—Closed
GPT-5.2OpenAI2025-12—Closed
GPT-5.2 CodexOpenAI2025-12—Closed
GPT-5.2 ProOpenAI2025-12—Closed
SIMA 2Google DeepMind2025-12—Closed
Claude Opus 4.5Anthropic2025-11—Closed
Gemini 3 Deep ThinkGoogle DeepMind2025-11—Closed
Gemini 3 ProGoogle DeepMind2025-11—Closed
Gemini 3 Pro Image (Nano Banana Pro)Google DeepMind2025-11—Closed
GPT-5.1OpenAI2025-11—Closed
GPT-5.1 InstantOpenAI2025-11—Closed
GPT-5.1-CodexOpenAI2025-11—Closed
GPT-5.1-Codex-MaxOpenAI2025-11—Closed
Grok 4.1xAI2025-11—Closed
Grok 4.1 FastxAI2025-11—Closed
Kaiju LargeCharacter.ai2025-11110B *Closed
Kaiju MediumCharacter.ai2025-1134B *Closed
Kaiju SmallCharacter.ai2025-1113B *Closed
Meta's Generative Ads Model (GEM)Meta AI2025-11—Closed
π0.6 (pi-0.6)Physical Intelligence2025-115BClosed
Claude Haiku 4.5Anthropic2025-10—Closed
GPT-5 ProOpenAI2025-10—Closed
Veo 3.1Google DeepMind2025-10—Closed
Claude Sonnet 4.5Anthropic2025-09—Closed
Gemini Robotics-ER 1.5Google DeepMind2025-09—Closed
Qwen3-MaxAlibaba2025-091.0T *Closed
Sora 2.0OpenAI2025-09—Closed
Claude Opus 4.1Anthropic2025-08—Closed
Gemini 2.5 Deep ThinkGoogle2025-08—Closed
Gemini 2.5 Flash Image (Nano Banana)Google2025-08—Closed
GPT-5OpenAI2025-08—Closed
GPT-5 miniOpenAI2025-08—Closed
GPT-5 nanoOpenAI2025-08—Closed
Hierarchical Reasoning Model (HPM)Sapient Intelligence2025-0827MClosed
Gemini EmbeddingGoogle DeepMind2025-07—Closed
Grok 4xAI2025-073.0T *Closed
Grok 4 HeavyxAI2025-07—Closed
FGNGoogle DeepMind2025-06720MClosed
Gemini 2.5 Pro (Jun 2025)Google DeepMind2025-06—Closed
Seed-1.6-ThinkingByteDance2025-06230BClosed
Claude Opus 4Anthropic2025-05—Closed
Claude Sonnet 4Anthropic2025-05—Closed
Gemini 2.5 Pro (May 2025)Google DeepMind2025-05—Closed
Imagen 4Google2025-05—Closed
Seed1.5-VLByteDance2025-05—Closed
Veo 3Google DeepMind2025-05—Closed
gpt-image-1OpenAI2025-04—Closed
Llama 4 Behemoth (preview)Meta AI2025-042.0T *Closed
Pangu UltraHuawei2025-04135BClosed
Gemini 2.5 Pro (Mar 2025)Google DeepMind2025-03—Closed

An asterisk marks a parameter figure the source does not consider traceable to the people who built the model. That judgement is the source’s and it has false negatives: Kimi K3 is marked speculative at 2.8T while Moonshot’s own model card states the figure. Why that distinction carries the whole exhibit.

Counts are of models Epoch AI records as notable, not of every model released. The most recent month is always incomplete, because a model enters the dataset when it is reviewed rather than when it ships.

Epoch AI, 'Data on AI Models'. Published online at epoch.ai. Retrieved from 'https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models-documentation' Used under CC BY 4.0.

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